- sku gsum/
- ID:
- T9999
- སྐུ་གསུམ (Tibetan, Tibetan script, Original)
- > sku gsum/ (Tibetan, Latin script, Transliteration-THL Extended Wylie Transliteration)
- > kusum (Tibetan, Latin script, Transcription-THL Simplified Tibetan Transcription)
David Higgins Lexicon of Tibetan Buddhist Topics and Terminology
- is a division of
- sku/
- is a numbered set containing
- sprul sku/, longs sku/
Passages
Passage
7 ji ltar snang grags dbyings kyi ngang chen 'dir [9b]
lhun mnyam mi g.yo chos sku byang chub sems
ye babs rang stong 'pho dang 'gyur med pas
cir snang chos nyid rang byung ye shes ngang
bya dang rtsol med bde klong gcig tu 'khyil
8 rang gsal mi g.yo longs spyod rdzogs pa ni [10a]
gang snang nyid nas rang bzhin lhun gyis grub
bcos shing bsgyur med lhun mnyam gdal ba'o
9 sna tshogs ma 'dres rol pa'i 'char tshul las [10a]
sgrub pa rang byung ya mtshan 'phrul kyi don
bya bral kun tu bzang las g.yos pa med
Note
In this passage Klong chen pa indicates how the sku gsum are perfectly complete within the expanse of cognitive intensity (rig pa'i ngang la rdzogs pa) (ch. 1, verses 7-9), fol. 9b.2 f.)
by David Higgins
Passage
de ltar blang dor med pa'i chos sku bya rtsol las 'das pa'i don gyi ngo bo yang/ rig pa rang byung gi ye shes yin la/ de'i rang bzhin rang gsal dag pa ni longs sku bcos bslad med pa'o zhes bstan pa ni/
Note
Klong chen pa writes the following commentary to verse 8 [10b.4].
by David Higgins
Passage
12 thams cad kun 'byung chos dbyings mdzod 'di na [23b]
'das pa ma btsal ye nas lhun grub pas
chos sku mi 'gyur yul med kun 'byams la
phyi nang snod bcud snang ba longs spyod rdzogs
gzugs brnyan lta bur rang shar sprul pa'i sku
sku gsum rgyan du ma rdzogs chos med pas
thams cad sku gsung thugs kyi rol par shar
Passage
nga yi rang bzhin ma bcos chos skur grub
nga yi ngo bo ma bcos longs spyod rdzogs...
Note
Klong chen pa next cites the Kun byed rgyal po {116516:68} which reverses the usual presentation of chos sku as ngo bo and longs sku as rang bzhin:
by David Higgins
Note
Later, Klong chen pa indicates that the three sku and ye shes are "nothing other than the mere self presencing that comes forth from the dynamic vortex of the cognitive intensity that is Buddhahood because these manifestations of sku and ye shes are nothing other than the coming to the fore of what has been present in oneself all along." [11b, 12a].
Klong chen pa later develops the theme of the the sku gsum as a playful expression of the whole as present in oneself [23b.3].
by David Higgins
Passage
rig pa'i ngo bo mtshon brjod las 'das pas dngos po dang mtshan mar grub pa'i gzhi med pa ni chos sku'o/ zang thal du rtogs nas de'i ngang la rig pa de nyid lhun grub tu spyod pa ste rang mal du gnas pas phyang ma chad par rang gsal gyi gzhi ni longs sku'o/ gsal dangs las thugs rje'i 'char tshul ma 'gags pa'i cha ni sprul sku'o/ de ltar sku gsum rig pa nyid las gzhan na med pa ni rang byung gi ye shes te/...
Note
This passage provides Klong chen pa's following commentary (122b.4).
by David Higgins
Passage
26 med la cir yang 'byung ba sprul pa'i sku [122b]
nyid la nyid longs spyod pa longs spyod rdzogs
de la dngos gzhi med pas chos sku ste
'bras bu sku gsum lhun gyis grub pa'i klong
Note
In ch. 10, verse 26, Klong chen pa shows how the "three sku along with their energy fields are solely the self excitatory intelligence" (sku gsum zhing khams dang bcas pa yang rang rig gcig pur bstan pa).
by David Higgins
Passage
'di ltar chos thams cad ni ye nas stong pa chen po'i chos kyi sku dang/ rang snang ba longs spyod rdzogs pa'i sku dang/ sna tshogs su ma 'gags par shar ba sprul pa'i sku dang/ dag pa'i zhing na sems can gyi ded dpon dam par byon pa rnams [24a] kyang sku gsum gyi rang bzhin te/ rig pa byang chub kyi sems su rang rdzogs pa'i phyir na/ ma btsal lhun gyis grub pa'i ngo bor gnas pa ni/...
Note
By way of commentary Klong chen pa states the following [23b.5].
by David Higgins
Passage
10 chos sku'i ngo bo rang byung ye shes te [196a]
rol pa thams cad mkhyen pa'i ye shes mtsho
gdod ma'i dbyings nas thig le gcig tu bzhugs
11 longs sku'i ngo bo rang bzhin lhun grub ste [199b]
rol par rigs lnga ye shes rnam pa lnga
nam mkha'i dbyings kun gang bar snang ba yin
12 sprul sku'i ngo bo thugs rje'i 'char gzhi ste [202b]
rol par gang la gang 'dul der snang zhing
'phrin las chen pos mnga' dbang 'byor pa yin
Note
In this passage Klong chen pa concisely describes the character of each (See also Tshig don mdzod {115736:455}). Finally, Klong chen pa summarizes the facticity of each in three brief verses [10-12] with lengthy commentary:
by David Higgins
Note
In the commentary, Klong chen pa describes each in terms of its ngo bo, nges tshig and dbye ba [197a.4 f]
by David Higgins
Passage
sku gsum chos kyi sku ro gcig pas snang mi snang las 'das kyang/ de'i ngang nas thugs rje'i rtsal las rol pa gzugs sku gnyis shar bas longs sku dang/ sprul skur btags pa de/ 'bras bu la rgyu'i ming gis btags pa nyi ma'i 'od zer khang par byung dus/ nang du nyi ma shar zhes brjod pa bzhin no/ longs sku dngos ni chos sku'i dus kyi rig pa'i rang bzhin gsal ba lhun grub gyi cha 'char gzhir bzhugs pa dang/ sprul sku dngos thugs rje'i cha ye shes su bzhugs pa de yin pas/ sku gsum dbyer med gcig yin te/ (cites Rig pa rang shar {115691:443}).
Note
In the final chapter, chapter 13, Klong chen pa elaborates on the unified and unifying character of the three sku as facets of rig pa, which are only distinguished for descriptive purposes (195.2, commentary to verse 9).
by David Higgins
Passage
(1) [197a.4 f.] chos sku'i ngo bo dbyings dag pa gnyis ldan spros pa'i mtha' thams cad dang bral zhing gting gsal gyi ye shes rig pa rang byung gi ngo bo 'pho 'gyur med pa ste/ rig pa rang shar {115691:431}/
'gyur med 'gag med khyab pa gsum
chos kyi sku yi ngo bo'o/ zhes so/
nges tshig ni mthar thug gi gnyer bya stong gsal ka dag gi chos yin pa dang/ sku dang ye shes thams cad kyi 'char gzhi'i lus sam dbyings yin pas na chos sku ste/ rgyud de nyid las/
mi 'jig stong dang gsal [197b] ba gsum
chos kyi sku yi nges tshig go zhes so/
dbye ba la/ rang ngo spros pa'i mtha' las 'das pas dbyer med kyang/ yon tan gyi cha'am ldog pa 'ga' zhig la ltos nas dbye ba mi 'gal bas/ bye brag phed pa'i yan lag tu dbye na/ phun sum tshogs pa lnga'i rang bzhin spyir dbye ba dang/ sku gsung thugs yon tan phrin las lnga'i rang bzhin bye brag tu dbye ba gnyis las/.... (elaboration on zhing khams, gnas, ting nge 'dzin,'khor, bstan pa and dus for each of three aspects of chos sku: chos sku'i chos sku etc. ' 15 exquisite aspects plus 5 aspects of sku, gsung, thugs, yon tan and phrin las)
(2) [199b.6 f.] [longs sku'i] ngo bo ni lhun grub ye shes kyi sku snang la rang bzhin med pa'i mtshan sper ldan ba ste/ rang shar [434] las/
kha dog ma 'dres so so'i mtshan 'dzin pa
mtshan dang dpe byad [200a] bzang po 'od zer 'phro
yab dang yum dang sku yi cha lugs 'dzin
longs spyod rdzogs pa sku yi mtshan nyid do/ zhes so/
nges tshig ni rgyud de nyid [Rang shar 435]:
gsal la ma 'dres kun la khyab pas longs
snang ba lnga nyid mtshan ma med pas spyod
dmigs med don la cig char snang bas rdzogs
stong nyid ma 'gags so sor gsal bas pa
snang ba so so'i mtshan nyid 'dzin pas sku/ zhes so/
dbye na lnga tshan gsum las/ phun sum tshogs pa lngar dbye na/ (classified acc. to 15 exquisite qualities of longs sku; rigs lnga, and sku, gsung, thugs, yon tan and phrin las; also details the ye shes lnga)
(3) 202a.3 [sprul sku'i] ngo bo ni mthun par snang ba dang/ nges pa med pa dang/ yun thung ba'i phyir sprul pa'i sku ste/ rang shar [438] las/
gang 'dul de la der ston cing
gzhan dang mthun par snang ba la
gzhan gyi don la ma rmongs zhing
cir yang bsgyur du btub pa'o/ zhes so/
nges tshig ni rgyud de nyid [441] las/
kye gsang ba'i bdag po/ sprul pa sku'i nges tshig ni 'di rnams yin par shes par gyis shig 'jig rten gyi khams kyi sems can thams cad la mthun par snang ba'i phyir na yang sprul pa'i sku'o/ don byed nus pa'i phyir na yang sprul pa'i sku'o/ bya ba thams cad byed pa'i phyir na yang sprul pa'i sku'o/ sems can grangs las 'das pa rnams sgrol ba'i phyir na yang sprul pa'i sku'o/ zhing khams gcig tu yun thung ba'i phyir yang sprul pa'i sku'o/ thugs rje phyogs med du 'char ba'i phyir yang sprul pa'i sku'o zhes so//
dbye na gsum las/ (classification acc, to mdzad pa, the five phun sum tshogs, and sku, gsung, thugs, yon tan and phrin las)
Passage
3. [chos kyi sku ni ji lta bu] [197.5]
chos kyi sku ni gsung dang thugs
yon tan dang ni phrin las so
sku ni stong dang gsal ba dang
mtshan ma med pa'i rang bzhin no
gsung ni sgra tshig ming bral nas
brjod cing gleng pa nyid bral lo [198]
thugs ni bsam dang 'gyu med pas
'phro zhing spyod pa rnams las 'das
yon tan phyir mi 'ong dang ldog pa med
dbyings dang ye shes khyab pa dang
rang bzhin bcos pa med pa'o
phrin las ma byung ma skyes byas pa med
shugs 'byung ba dang 'gags pa med
ma byas byas pa med pa'o//
4. zhus lan bzhi pa [198.2]
[longs sku zhes pa gang la bgyi]
longs spyod sku yang sku gsung thugs
yon tan phrin las lnga yin no
sku ni snang la rang bzhin med
gsal dang gsal byed rig pas khyab
gsung ni rang byung ba dang rang snang ba
spro bsdu rnam pa'i 'khor lo yi
thugs ni rgyun med gzigs pa dang
mkhyen pa'i rtsal dang dgongs pa'o
yon tan mtshan dpe rdzogs la las
dgongs gsal mngon shes rdzogs pa'o
phrin las chos kyi 'khor lo las
phyi nang gsang ba rnams spros te
so so'i rigs kyi sangs rgyas dang
byang chub sems dpa' rnams la yang
rang byung ljags las rnam spros te
'khor la rang gi ngo bos ston//
5. zhus lan lnga pa [198.6]
[sprul pa'i sku ni gang tsam zhig]
sprul pa'i sku yang sku gsung thugs
yon tan phrin las lnga lnga'o [199]
sku ni mtshan dang dpe byad la
gdul bya gang byung lus sprul pa
gsung ni tshig sbyor legs pa la
tshangs pa'i dbyangs ni yan lag drug
thugs ni shes bya'i ye shes kyis
rang gzhan don gnyis dgongs par gnas
yon tan mkhyen pa rdzogs pa dang
phrin las phyi nang gsang ba yi
mdzad pa ma lus rdzogs pa dang
phun sum tshogs pa lngar gnas pa'o/
6. zhus lan drug pa [199.3]
[sku yi mtshan nyid ci lta bu]
sku yi mtshan nyid ngo bo dang
nges tshig dbye ba rnams dang ni
so so'i zhing khams gdul bya dang
phyed pa'i las dang ldang tshad do
mtshan nyid do ba'i khyad kyis khang
mtshan nyid chos las grub pa dang
'dod yon rnams las grub pa dang
sna tshogs thabs las grub pa'o
go ba rang bzhin dag pa dang
so so'i snang yul ston pa dang
gzugs ldan dbang po rdzogs pa'o/
7. zhus lan bdun pa [199.5]
[bzhugs pa'i tshul ni ci ltar lags]
sku yi bzhugs tshul rnam pa gsum
mtshan ma'i chos las grol ba'i phyir
ris can gzugs su ma yin dang
gsal ba'i rang bzhin rdzogs pa'i phyir
snang la rang bzhin med pa dang
gdul bya'i rgyud rnams sbyang ba'i phyir [200]
mi g.yo mnyam gzhag chen por bzhugs
mi g.yo ba dang gsal ba dang
rig cing mkhyen pa'i char snang dang
mnyam dang phyogs med mi 'byed pa'o/
8. zhus lan brgyad pa [200.2]
[rang bzhin chos nyid sku rnams ci]
sku yi rang bzhin chos nyid ni
rang bzhin stong dang gsal ba dang
mkhyen rig ma 'gags mngon snang ba'o
sku yi chos nyid rdzogs pa dang
phyir mi ldog dang 'gro 'ong med
smra bsam brjod pa med pa'o
gzhan yang sku rnams bsgrub pa ni
gong du bstan pa'i khyad par las
chos sku'i sa bon rang sems la
mngon sum pa yi gnad gzir nas
rtag tu goms par byas pa ni
chos kyi sku yi bsgrub pa'o
longs sku'i sa bon 'dod yon la
bslabs te goms par byas pa yis
longs spyod rdzogs pa'i bsgrub pa dang
sprul sku'i sa bon 'byung bzhi yi
sgra don rnams la bslabs nas ni
goms pas sprul sku bsgrub pa'o
Note
This tantra summarizes the three kāyas in terms of each one's expression by way of sku gsung thugs yon tan phrin las.
by David Higgins
Passage
chos sku'i snying po kun gzhi'i klong
longs sku'i snying po 'od gsal gdangs
sprul sku'i snying po 'bru lnga bkrag
chos sku'i 'od zer bkrag (?)
longs sku'i 'od zer ye shes rtsal
sprul sku'i 'od zer sgo lnga'i dgangs
don gyi ma bu sprad pa yang
sprul sku'i ma ni rig pa'i bkrag
sprul sku'i bu ni yid kyi blo
sprul sku'i ma ni sgo lnga'i gdangs
sprul sku'i bu ni snang ba'i yul
sprul sku'i ma ni gnas pa'i A
sprul sku'i bu ni oM huM dbugs
des na dbyer med longs sku'i rtsal
longs sku'i ma ni stongs sangs dbyings
longs sku'i bu ni phyogs med gsal ......
Note
This passage provides a detailed elaboration on the three sku in their matter dominated (snyigs ma) and radiation dominated (dwangs ma) aspects. The text goes on to probe the inner dynamics (snying po) of the three and the inseparability of their material and energetic aspects [677.2 f].
by David Higgins
Passage
gzhan yang khams gsum sems can kun
lus ngag yid la ma 'das pas
sku gsum gzhan du btsal mi dgos
btsal kyang rnyed pa'i gnas med do
Note
This passage provides a response to the last question from chapter two concerning the origin of emotionality and touches on the sku gsum as an ontological precondition of embodied existence.
by David Higgins
Passage
skye ba nyid ni rtog pa las [rtogs pa?]
mngal du gnas pa chos kyi dbyings
lus sems 'dus pas dbyings rig 'brel
lus su gnas pas sku gsum ste
rgas pas chos zad 'khrul snang [138] 'gags
na bas chos rnams nyams su myong
shi bas stong pa ngos bzung med
des na sems can sangs rgyas so//
Note
The text elsewhere [137.5] states:
by David Higgins
In this passage, Rtse le sna tshogs rang grol discusses the 3 aspects of longs sku (longs spyod, kha sbyor, and bde chen), 3 aspects of sprul sku (snying rjes yongs su gang ba, mi chad pa, 'gog med) and 1 aspect of chos sku (rang bzhin med pa). The longs sku is also said to have 8 empowerments (dbang phyug): sku, gsung, thugs, rdzu 'phrul, kun 'gro, 'dod pa, 'dod bskyed, and gnas.
Concluding his discussion of the five paths (in the context of the sgom aspect of shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa), 'Jigs med gling pa elaborates on the three or four sku, mainly as they are detailed in certain Mahāyāna sūtras ascribed to Maitreya.
Concluding his discussion of the five paths (in the context of the sgom aspect of shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa), 'Jigs med gling pa elaborates on the three or four sku, mainly as they are detailed in certain Mahāyāna sūtras ascribed to Maitreya.
In this passage, 'Jigs med gling pa argues for the inseparability of the three sku as facets of a single dynamic process that shines simultaneously inwardly (dbyings nang gsal) and outwardly (ye shes phyir gsal) as both the goal and the way leading to the goal (these two also being inseparable). See a passage under the term gsal ba. See also the term lam snang.
Other Dictionaries
1. Jeffrey Hopkins Dictionary
Hopkins' Translations: the three exalted bodies [of a Buddha
Sanskrit: {MSA}trikāya
- language:
- English
2. Dan Martin Dictionary
Masson-Oursel, Les trois corps du Bouddha: JA (1913) 581 ff.
- language:
- English
3. Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary
-
three Bodies [thd]
- language:
- English
-
three kayas. ཆོས་སྐུ་. dharmakaya, ལོངས་སྤྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ་. or sambhogakaya, and སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུ་. nirmanakaya. trikaya, the three bodies of the buddha
- language:
- English
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Three kayas. Dharmakaya, sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya. The three kayas as ground are 'essence, nature, and capacity'; as path they are 'bliss, clarity and nonthought,' and as fruition they are the 'three kayas of buddhahood.' The three kayas of buddhahood are the dharmakaya, which is free from elaborate constructs and endowed with the 'twenty-one sets of enlightened qualities;' the sambhogakaya, which is of the nature of light and endowed with the perfect major and minor marks perceptible only to bodhisattvas; and the nirmanakaya, which manifests in forms perceptible to both pure and impure beings
- language:
- English
4. Ives Waldo Dictionary
-
three buddha bodies, three kayas trikaya
- language:
- English
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three buddha bodies, three kayas trikaya [The body of reality ཆོས་སྐུ་ or dharmaka^ya, the body of perfect rapture ལོངས་སྤྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ་ or sambhogaka^ya, and the emanational body སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུ་ or nirma^naka^ya [gd]
- language:
- English
5. Jim Valby Dictionary
trikaya, 3 bodies, 3 dimensions of existence, focal points of authentic existence, patterns or norms in which the aspirant becomes aware of himself, 3 existential value-experience which are principles of interpretation and not metaphysical principles, SA chos sku, longs sku, sprul sku, three kayas (chos sku, longs sku, sprul sku), Three Bodies of the Buddha
- language:
- English
7. bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo
[125] ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་དང། ལོངས་སྤྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ་དང། སྤྲུལ་བའི་སྐུ་དང་གསུམ་མོ། ...
- language:
- English
8. dung dkar bod rig pa'i tshig mdzod chen mo
ཆོས་སྐུ་དང་། ལོངས་སྐུ། སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་སྟེ་གསུམ་མོ།
- language:
- Tibetan
10. smon lam tshig mdzod chen mo
ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་དང༌། ལོངས་སྤྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ་དང༌། སྤྲུལ་བའི་སྐུ་དང་གསུམ་མོ།
- language:
- Tibetan
11. Lokesh Chandra Tibetan-Sanskrit dictionary
- Sanskrit:
-
- trikāya
- trimūrti
12. Negi Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary
trikāyāḥ : 1. ཆོས་སྐུ dharmakāyaḥ, 2. ལོངས་སྤྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ sambhogakāyaḥ, 3. སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུ nirmāṇakāyaḥ ma.vyu.115.
- language:
- Sanskrit
sku gsum/ has 3 other terms directly related to it, which are presented here.